Introduction: among the most frequent consultations in pediatric immunology are recurrent respiratory infections, which constitute one of the main health problems worldwide. Objective: to describe the alterations in the levels of immunoglobulins A, G and E in pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out between January and September 2020. 56 children from zero to five years old treated for recurrent respiratory infections in the period were studied. Variables such as age, sex, area of origin, nutritional evaluation, clinical manifestations, associated respiratory infections, and immunoglobulin alterations were analyzed. Absolute frequency and percentage were used as summary measures. Medical ethics was respected. Results: 67,86 % were male. 21,43 % were less than one year old and 51 children presented immunodeficiencies, predominantly IgA deficiency (42,86 %), most frequently between zero and two years. Among respiratory diseases, the common cold and bacterial bronchopneumonia predominated (67,86 % and 53,57 % respectively), with decay and dyspnea as the main symptoms (86,71 %). A relationship between immunodeficiencies and allergies was found in 46,43 %. Conclusions: immunodeficiencies are frequent in preschool ages due to the immaturity of the immune system, mainly in males. They are frequently associated with respiratory infections, as well as with allergic processes, being the IgA deficit the most common.

Introduction: chronic non-communicable diseases are one of the main causes of death in Cuba, but Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM) provides great benefits for their prevention and treatment. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention (EI) on the use of NTM in the treatment and prevention of these diseases in adults of Doctor’s Office # 6 belonging to the Aquiles Espinosa Polyclinic. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was carried out in adults with chronic noncommunicable diseases, the knowledge and use of NTM in their underlying disease was assessed, before and after the EI in the municipality of Las Tunas, province of Las Tunas; from October 2020 to March 2021. Out of a universe of 167 patients, a sample of 123 patients was selected who were selected through intentional nonprobabilistic method. Results: the little use of NTM was reflected in basic diseases (17 patients, 13,82 %), the use of phytotherapy stood out (9 patients, 7,32 %), the level of knowledge prevailed over the insufficient NTM (62 patients, 50,41 %), regular confidence on NTM prevailed (86 patients, 69,92 %). After applying the EI these figures increased notably; the use of NTM increased (73 patients, 59,35 %). Conclusions: AI was effective since it caused an increase in the level of knowledge and use of NTM in the population.

Introduction: hypertension is a public health worldwide problem; one of its main complications is hypertensive retinopathy which compromises the individual functional integrity. The retinal damage initiates in the presence of chronic hypertensive systemic conditions, starting with and increased arteriolar tone and generalized narrowing. Objective: to characterice patients with prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy admitted with hypertensive emergency at Vladimir Lenin Hospital from Holguin province in the period of January 2019 to December 2020. Method: an observational descriptive retrospective with a cross-sectional court study was made. From 223 patients, 97 were selected, using a non-probabilistic intentional sampling. It was utilized the descriptive statistics. Results: from the studied patients, 31 were between 60 and 69 years (31,9 %), 58 were masculine (59,8 %) and 36 had black skin (37,1 %). Patients with hypertensive retinopathy that were classified with Keith Wagener Barker grade 1 represented the 46,4 %. Stage 2 hypertension was presented in 37 patients (38,1 %). There was predominance of cases with a twenty of more years from evolution (52,6 %). Conclusions: in the investigation existed predominance of third age, black skin and masculine patients. Most of patients had hypertensive retinopathy with Keith Wagener Barker grade 1, stage 2 hypertension and more than twenty years of evolution.

Introduction: birth rate decrease constitutes one of the main demographic problems facing Cuba today. Objective: to characterize the birth rate and its determinants in Las Tunas province in the 2015-2019 period. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Las Tunas province during the period 2015-2019. The universe was made up of the province inhabitants, corresponding to each year of study. Through an intentional non-probability sampling, the sample was made up of women in fertile age. Data were collected from databases of the Provincial Statistics Department. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyze birth and fertility rates, adolescent pregnancy and abortion. The results were expressed as absolute frequencies, percentages and rates. Results: the fertility rate has decreased by 11 %, from 45 births per 1000 women of childbearing age in 2015 to 40,2 in 2019. The highest fertility occurs between 20 and 24 years of age with a rate fertility rate of 75 births for every 1000 women in this age group. The average number of children per woman has remained less than 2. Conclusions: in the last five years, the birth rate in Las Tunas province shows a downward trend. The absence of generational replacement, adolescence pregnancy and the decrease of women in fertile age, are problems that have a direct impact on this decline.

Introduction: gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent clinical problem; and, together with the acute abdomen, they represent the nosological entities with the greatest representation in the medical-surgical emergency.Objective: to characterize clinical and epidemiologically patients with upper digestive bleeding in a Surgery service. Method: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study at the Hospital "Comandante Pinares", 2019. The universe was represented by 83 patients diagnosed with upper digestive bleeding in the period and place mentioned above; no was necessary any type of sampling and the entire universe was studied. It was evaluated: age, sex, form of presentation, etiologic agent, endoscopic classification and complications; that were obtained from the medical records of the patients. Descriptive statistics were used using absolute and relative percentage frequencies. Results: Male sex prevailed (61,45%) between 60-79 years (54,22%) with a mean of 66,2 ± 9,1 years. The most frequent form of presentation was the mane (80,72%); caused, to a greater extent, by duodenal peptic ulcer (49,39%). Endoscopy showed lesions with a visible vessel in 50,6%; while 14,46% presented recurrent bleeding. Conclusions: upper digestive bleeding is common in older males, where the presence of melena guides the diagnosis. Duodenal peptic ulcer is an associated risk factor and the physician must be prepared to make an endoscopic diagnosis and maintain close surveillance to avoid possible complications.

Introduction: COVID-19 is characterized by an acute respiratory condition similar to pneumonia. The World Health Organization declared it an urgent international health emergency due to the high number of infections. Objective: to characterize the risk groups for COVID-19 during the month of March 2020 to May 2021 in Cienfuegos. Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on the risk groups for COVID-19 in Cienfuegos from March 2020 to May 2021. Universe made up of 2,547 positive cases; the sample for 785 cases; simple random probability sampling. Variables analyzed: age, sex, municipality, month of diagnosis and symptoms. It used the descriptive statistic. Results: the group of older and equal to 60 years (468; 59,61 %) stood out. The month of May was the highest diagnosis for both groups (326 cases). The Cienfuegos municipality reported the highest number of cases (400 patients; incidence rate 224,43). The female sex stood out with 421 patients (53,63 %). The age groups 13-18 in pediatric ages and 60-69 in older adults stood out. Asymptomatic patients stood out in the pediatric age group (169 cases; 53,31 %). In the group of people over 60 years of age, the group of other symptoms predominated (189; 40,38 %). Conclusions: the risk group aged 60 years and older was more besieged. However, both risk groups presented increasing numbers, highlighting asymptomatic patients; with Cienfuegos as the epicenter of contagion.

Introduction: globally, deaths in children under 5 years of age, 2.2 million (19%) are due to intestinal infectious diseases, mainly due to dehydration, and of these, around 600,000 are associated with some degree of malnutrition. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically persistent diarrheal disease in children under two years of age. Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 142 patients admitted to the Gastroenterology service of the Pediatric Hospital “Pepe Portilla”. The sample consisted of 116 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were age, sex, origin, associated risk factors, etiology, symptoms, stay and the appearance of complications. Results: patients between 1 and 6 months represent 43.9% of those affected, the male sex constituted 7.7%. The most representative risk factor was not Exclusive Breastfeeding up to 6 months (75.6%). The most frequent germ was Cryptosporidium (31%). The most representative symptoms on admission were abdominal distention (59%), perianal erythema (45.6%) and anal fissure (39%). Weight loss was the most frequent complication (57.7%). 82% of the total evolved favorably with a hospital stay that did not exceed 5 days. Conclusions: young age, not exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month was the fundamental risk factor, the main isolated germ was cristosporidium, the main symptom was peri-anal erythema and most of the patients presented a favorable evolution.

Introduction: globally, deaths in children under 5 years of age, 2.2 million (19%) are due to intestinal infectious diseases, mainly due to dehydration, and of these, around 600,000 are associated with some degree of malnutrition. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically persistent diarrheal disease in children under two years of age. Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 142 patients admitted to the Gastroenterology service of the Pediatric Hospital “Pepe Portilla”. The sample consisted of 116 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were age, sex, origin, associated risk factors, etiology, symptoms, stay and the appearance of complications. Results: patients between 1 and 6 months represent 43.9% of those affected, the male sex constituted 7.7%. The most representative risk factor was not Exclusive Breastfeeding up to 6 months (75.6%). The most frequent germ was Cryptosporidium (31%). The most representative symptoms on admission were abdominal distention (59%), perianal erythema (45.6%) and anal fissure (39%). Weight loss was the most frequent complication (57.7%). 82% of the total evolved favorably with a hospital stay that did not exceed 5 days. Conclusions: young age, not exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month was the fundamental risk factor, the main isolated germ was cristosporidium, the main symptom was peri-anal erythema and most of the patients presented a favorable evolution.

Introduction: Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic infection, caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi complex, whose route of transmission is through the bite of a tick lodged in deer. It is an endemic disease of Eurasia and part of North America, where an epidemiology of 130-140 per 100,000 inhabitants is reported. The first case in Cuba was in 2003; however, there are no epidemiological studies in the island due to its infrequency. Case presentation: we present the case of a 42-year-old female patient, who was admitted to the Ciego de Avila health services after three weeks of having traveled to the United States. The patient began with the first symptoms three days after her return from the North American country, from that moment on she began to experience typical manifestations, the most prominent symptom of which turned out to be erythema in the lower limbs. She was diagnosed with the early spread stage of Lyme disease, which was corroborated by serological tests. After receiving antibiotic therapy, the patient progressed favorably, without complications or recurrences. Conclusions: it was concluded that it is necessary to have knowledge of this disease for its early diagnosis, avoiding its progress towards more advanced phases, which might reach the compromise of vital organ systems, such as the cardiovascular and the nervous systems. It is diagnosed taking into account the epidemiological history, the clinical manifestations and the serological confirmation. The patient responds well to doxycycline treatment.

Introduction: the Health Situation Analysis arises with the purpose of identifying the socio-psychological, economic, historical, geographical, cultural and environmental characteristics that affect the health of the population. Objective: to characterize the health status of 50 families belonging to the municipality of Cienfuegos. Material and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, the universe was made up of 50 families (134 members), explored as part of the active screening for COVID-19. The whole universe was worked on. Socio-demographic variables, level of education, occupation, risk factors, and communicable and non-communicable diseases were analyzed. For the processing and analysis of the information, a database was created in SPSS version 21.0. Results: female sex predominated (51,5 %). 31,9 % of them had completed secondary school. Service workers (36,1 %) were the main occupation. The risk of suffering an accident (70,9 %) was representative. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the non-communicable chronic diseases with the highest incidence in the population with rates of 31,3 and 11,9 per 100 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of arterial hypertension in the population, as well as presence of risk factors that promote unhealthy lifestyles despite the population having a correct level of education.

Scientific research in the student field of medical sciences has multiple spaces; from grassroots events to the National Forum, all of these provide an important stimulus to the development of student research activity, which today has its peculiarities.

The epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19 led the Cuban Government and the Ministry of Public Health to the consequent application of a plan of measures, which prevented the spread of the virus and the increase in positive cases. Complying with national guidelines, the Universities of Medical Sciences adopting a new study system, moving fromface-to-face modality to Distance Education and implementing active research as an activity as a practice, detecting in time the main symptoms of the disease ; what made possible an early diagnosis and, with it, the opportune treatment.

Abstract Introduction: coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more serious diseases such as pneumonia, Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 belonging to the "Omar Ranero Pubillones" University Polyclinic. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the “Omar Ranero Pubillones” University Polyclinic between January-April 2021. The universe was 716 patients, from which a sample of 215 patients by unintended randomized sampling. Age, sex, clinical manifestations and source of infection were studied. The data were processed in a SPSS database through descriptive statistics using absolute and relative percentage frequencies. Medical ethics were respected. Results: patients aged between 19 and 29 years predominated, which represented 23.72% of the cases, a high incidence of female sex was evidenced with 124 patients, which represented 57.67%, 152 confirmed patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, which represented 70.69%. In the series, 196 patients predominated; they were contacts of confirmed cases, which represents 91.16% of the total. Conclusions: the numbers of relevant infected in females between 19 and 29 years old, the number of asymptomatic patients at the time of diagnosis and contacts of confirmed cases characterize the clinical epidemiological profile of patients with COVID-19 in Guantanamo.

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